The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.